Lipoprotein glomerulopathy is a rare kidney disease in which lipoprotein thrombi are seen in the glomerular capillaries. Most of these patients are found in Japan and East Asian countries. The presenting symptoms include proteinuria, an abnormal plasma lipoprotein profile that resembles type III hyperlipoproteinaemia, and a marked increase in serum apolipoprotein E concentration. Previous studies have suggested that lipoprotein glomerulopathy might be related to APOE gene mutation. No effective therapeutic regimen has been established for lipoprotein glomerulopathy. We report the first case of biopsy-proven lipoprotein glomerulopathy in Hong Kong in a patient who presented with nephrotic syndrome and dyslipidaemia. DNA analysis revealed apolipoprotein E Kyoto together with a novel apolipoprotein E mutation, apolipoprotein E (Asp230Tyr) Hong Kong. There was significant improvement in the clinical parameters and resolution of symptoms after the introduction of statins. Further studies will be needed to clarify the role of apolipoprotein E Hong Kong and its interaction with apolipoprotein E Kyoto in the pathogenesis of lipoprotein glomerulopathy.

A persistent sciatic artery is a rare embryological anomaly. We report a case of a persistent sciatic artery with aneurysm formation and thrombosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis/ systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon. The diagnosis and complete, accurate evaluation of the arterial anatomy of the lower limb were achieved using computed tomographic angiography.

Bladder haemorrhage is common and sometimes life-threatening. Management options include bladder irrigation and supportive transfusion, intravesical instillation, endourological intervention, and surgical intervention which has poor success and high morbidity rates. Percutaneous arterial embolisation offers another minimally invasive option. We report two patients with severe haemorrhagic cystitis treated with superselective embolisation of bilateral superior vesical arteries. The technique is safe and effective for achieving immediate control of refractory bladder haemorrhage. The long-term efficacy of the procedure requires further investigation.

Ureteric tumours are rare and most of them are malignant. Of benign tumours, ureteral fibroepithelial polyps are the most common but are still considered clinical rarities. In the past, most benign ureteric tumours were only diagnosed after surgical removal. With technological advance, magnetic resonance imaging has become an effective means of assessing ureteric lesions. Non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance urography can produce an image comparable to an intravenous urogram without use of intravenous water-soluble contrast. A polyp can be diagnosed on imaging if there is an elongated filling defect inside the ureter. Nevertheless, a definitive diagnosis relies on ureteroscopic examination with biopsy. When a non-obstructive polyp is being managed conservatively, imaging is helpful for monitoring. Equally, the information obtained from imaging can be used to plan operative treatment.

We report a paediatric patient who presented with fever, shortness of breath, and vague abdominal discomfort. Lesions removed surgically proved to be generalised lymphangiomatosis and were treated conservatively. The spectrum of abnormalities and radiological features are discussed.