While early success rates using in vitro fertilisation ranged from 10% to 15%, improved technology has more than doubled that rate, owing to the availability of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, improved ovarian stimulation protocols, and assisted fertilisation technology. This latter technology has already revolutionised the management of male-factor infertility. The future goal is to further increase the overall pregnancy rate and to reduce the risk of multiple gestation by using pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and blastocyst transfer.